BOREAS AFM-03 NCAR Electra 1994 Aircraft Flux and Moving Window Data Summary The BOREAS AFM-03 team used the NCAR Electra aircraft to make measurements of the fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat, carbon dioxide, and ozone over the entire BOREAS region to tie together measurements made in both the SSA and the NSA. These data were also used to study the planetary boundary layer using both in situ and remote sensing measurements. This data set contains both the aircraft flux and the moving window data. These data are stored in tabular ASCII files. Table of Contents * 1 Data Set Overview * 2 Investigator(s) * 3 Theory of Measurements * 4 Equipment * 5 Data Acquisition Methods * 6 Observations * 7 Data Description * 8 Data Organization * 9 Data Manipulations * 10 Errors * 11 Notes * 12 Application of the Data Set * 13 Future Modifications and Plans * 14 Software * 15 Data Access * 16 Output Products and Availability * 17 References * 18 Glossary of Terms * 19 List of Acronyms * 20 Document Information 1. Data Set Overview 1.1 Data Set Identification BOREAS AFM-03 NCAR Electra 1994 Aircraft Flux and Moving Window Data 1.2 Data Set Introduction The BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Airborne Fluxes and Meteorology (AFM)-03 team used the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Electra aircraft to make measurements of the fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat, carbon dioxide, and ozone over the entire BOREAS region to tie together measurements made in both the Southern Study Area (SSA) and the Northern Study Area (NSA). These data were also used to study the planetary boundary layer using both in situ and remote sensing measurements. This data set contains both the aircraft flux and the moving window data. These data are stored in tabular American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) files. The fluxes and statistics archived here are for passes or segments of passes between pre-defined waypoints, as part of various flight patterns (see Section 5). The times and distances for the regular flux data varied depending on the aircraft speed and the distance between the waypoints. The shortest distance between waypoints is about 10 km. Included in these regular data are those from the grid patterns and the Candle Lake runs. The passes for the grid patterns (GS, GN) are 32 km in length. The Candle Lake (CS) runs were divided into two segments, one over the relatively homogeneous Old Aspen area surrounding the OA flux tower (east end of CL run), and the other over the area at the west end of the run dominated by black spruce. The moving window data represent 40- kilometer averages for overlapping portions of the flight passes. Each segment progresses 10 km along the flight path and overlaps the previous segment by 30 km. 1.3 Objective/Purpose The Electra aircraft data were used to make measurements of the fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat, carbon dioxide, and ozone over the entire BOREAS region to tie together measurements made in both the SSA and NSA. They were also used to study the planetary boundary layer using both in situ and remote sensing measurements. 1.4 Summary of Parameters Altitude Wind Direction Wind Speed Air Temperature Potential Temperature Water Mixing Ratio U Component Wind Velocity V Component Wind Velocity Static Pressure Surface Radiation Temperature Downwelling Total Radiation Upwelling Total Radiation Downwelling Longwave Radiation Upwelling Longwave Radiation Net Radiation Upward Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD) Downward PPFD Auxiliary Radiation Sensor Greenness Index CO2 Concentration O3 Concentration CH4 Concentration Scaled Radiance Measurements from a Satellite Simulator Sensor Additional columns include information about the standard deviation, kurtosis, and trend of the parameters listed above. 1.5 Discussion The Electra aircraft data were used to make measurements of the fluxes of momentum, sensible and latent heat, carbon dioxide, and ozone over the entire BOREAS region to tie together measurements made in both the SSA and the NSA. They also were used to study the planetary boundary layer using both in situ and remote sensing measurements. This data set contains the aircraft flux data. These data are stored in tabular ASCII files. 1.6 Related Data Sets BOREAS AFM-01 Moving Window Aircraft Flux Data BOREAS AFM-02 Aircraft Sounding Data BOREAS AFM-03 Aircraft Sounding Data BOREAS AFM-04 Aircraft Flux Data BOREAS AFM-04 Aircraft Sounding Data 2. Investigator(s) 2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title Donald H. Lenschow NCAR/MMM P.O. Box 3000 Boulder, CO 80307-3000 (303) 497-8903 (303) 497-8181 (fax) lenschow@ucar.edu 2.2 Title of Investigation Airborne Investigation of Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions over the Boreal Forest 2.3 Contact Information Contact 1 ---------- Al Shanot NCAR/ATD/RAF Boulder, CO (303) 497-1063 (303) 497-1092 (fax) schanotl@ucar.edu Contact 2 ---------- For leg-average statistics calculations: Steven P. Oncley NCAR/ATD/SSSF Boulder, CO (303) 497-8757 (303) 497-8770 (fax) oncley@ucar.edu Contact 3 ---------- For disjunct sampler data: Al Cooper National Center for Atmospheric Research/MMM Boulder, CO (303) 497-8938 (303) 497-8181 (fax) cooper@ucar.edu Contact 4 ---------- David Knapp Raytheon ITSS NASA/GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-1424 (301) 286-0239 (fax) David.Knapp@gsfc.nasa.gov 3. Theory of Measurements A series of introductory monographs addressing the theory and practice of measuring atmospheric variables from a moving, aircraft platform may be found in (Lenschow, ed., 1986). An introduction to the general topic of eddy correlation fluxes may be found in (Stull, 1988). 4. Equipment 4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description This section summarizes the capabilities of the Electra as used in BOREAS. For a complete description, see the Project Summary Documentation for BOREAS distributed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)/Research Aviation Facility (RAF) and associated RAF Bulletins. Winds were determined by combining measurements of the air motion relative to the aircraft by pressure sensors connected to five holes on the radome of the Electra, with aircraft motion measured by a Honeywell laser inertial reference system (IRS). Corrections to the IRS data were made using measurements by a Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite receiver. See NCAR RAF Bulletin No. 23 for a complete description of this system and the data processing used. In situ measurements of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, and aerosol and cloud droplet size distributions were made by sensors mounted to the wing and fuselage of the aircraft (RAF Bulletin Nos. 22 and 24). In situ measurements of chemical constituents were made by drawing outside air into closed-path sensors within the aircraft cabin. These sensors included a LI-COR LI-6262 for water vapor and carbon dioxide and two NCAR gas-phase chemiluminescent sensors for ozone. Radiometers were located on the top and bottom of the fuselage to measure sky and surface conditions. Broadband shortwave (visible) radiation, infrared radiation, and infrared temperatures were measured both upward- and downward- looking (RAF Bulletin No. 25). A custom instrument to measure the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) observed radiation from the surface at 650 and 862 nm (NCAR Technical Note TN-370+STR). 4.1.1 Collection Environment 4.1.2 Source/Platform Platform: Electra Aircraft 4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives See Section 1.4. 4.1.4 Key Variables See Sections 1.4, 1.5, and 7.3. 4.1.5 Principles of Operation See Section 3. 4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry None given. 4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument The following instruments were mounted on the Electra aircraft: Airborne Data System A. Acquisition: Electra ADS (Motorola 68000 based), Exabyte Model EXB-8200 Tape Drives, (2 units) B. Display: Sun Model 3E120 Computer (2 units), Mitsubishi Model FL6605ADK 16" High Resolution Color Monitor (2 units), HP3630 Paint Jet Printer, Epson LQ-1000 Printer, Diamond Trackball (2 units) [S/N 12012263] Aircraft Position, Velocity and Attitude A. Honeywell Model HG1095-AC03 Laseref SM IRS (1 unit). Forward cargo bay [S/N 176] B. Trimble TANS GPS Static Pressures A. Rosemount Model 1501 Digital Pressure Transducer - Fuselage Port (PSFD) [SN/ 29] B. Rosemount Model 1201F2A Pressure Transducer - Left Wing Tip (PSW) C. Rosemount Model 1201F1 Pressure Transducer - Cabin (PCAB) [S/N 822] Dynamic Pressures A. Rosemount Model 1221F1VL - Left Wing Tip (QCW) 1221F [S/N 149] B. Rosemount Model 1221F1VL - Radome (QCR) [S/N 148] C. Rosemount Model 1221F1VL - Fuselage (QCF) [S/N 659] Temperatures A. Rosemount Type 102 Non-deiced Sensor -- Rosemount Model 510BF Amplifier - Radome Mount (TTB) 102EAL [S/N 2981] B. NCAR Reverse Flow Temperature Probe -- Rosemount Model 510BF Amplifier - Fuselage Mount (TTRF) S-1088 [S/N 17] Dew Point and Humidity A. EG&G Model 137-C3 Dew Point Hygrometer - Starboard Fuselage Mount (DPB) [S/N 807/483] B. General Eastern, Model 1011B Dew Point Hygrometer - Starboard Fuselage Mount (DPT) [S/N 1959/11801] C. NCAR Model LA-3 Lyman-alpha Hygrometer - Radome Mount (VLA) Pathlength set at 0.5 cm Flow Angle Sensors, Radome A. Attack - Rosemount Model 1221F1VL Differential Pressure Transducer (ADIFR) [S/N 1177] B. Sideslip - Rosemount Model 1221F1VL Differential Pressure Transducer (BDIFR) [S/N 1176] Cloud Physics A. Particle Measuring System Model PCASP, Right Wing Tip [S/N 108] B. Particle Measuring System Model FSSP-100, Left Wing Tip [S/N 122] C. PMS-King Liquid Water Content, Right Wing Tip D. Aerosol Concentration, CONCN, TSI Model 3760, Heise transducer [S/N 623] Radiation Fluxes A. Remote Surface Temperature, Barnes PRT-5, Downward looking (RSTB) [S/N 423] B. Remote Sky Temperature, Barnes PRT-5, Upward looking (RSTT) [S/N 385] C. NCAR/RAF Vegetation Meter, Downward looking, 650 and 862 nm (WV650, WV862) [S/N 101] D. Ultraviolet Irradiance, RAF Modified Eppley Model TUVR Pyronometers, 2 units: Upward looking (UVT) [S/N 24127], Downward looking (UVB) [S/N 24128] E. Shortwave Irradiance, 2 units: upward looking(SWT) [S/N 12149F3], downward looking (SWB) [S/N 12148F3] F. Infrared Irradiance, Top (IRTC) [S/N 12151F3], downward (IRBC) [S/N 12150F3] G. Remote Surface Temperature (XKT19) Heimann Model KT19-85 [S/N 305] (BOREAS II period) Geometric Altitude A. Collins Model ALT 55 B Radio Altimeter - Fuselage Mount, 0 to 800 m AGL (HGM) B. Steward-Warner Model APN-159 - Fuselage Mount, 100 to 12,000 m AGL (HGME) Photography A. GE Model 1CVK5040 Video Camera and Recorder - Color Camera, forward and left side facing units, with Date/Time Recording B. Video Camera and Recorder - Color Camera, downward looking with Date/Time Recording Air Chemistry A. NCAR Modified TECO Model 49 Ozone Analyzer [S/N 49-22262-204] (TEO3, TET, TEP, TEO3C) B. LI-COR Model LI-6262 CO2 Analyzer [S/N IRG-262] (XCO2F, XCO2S, XLH2OS, XLCO2) XCO2P; Rosemount No. 1201, [S/N 632] XCO2RP; Rosemount No. 1201F, [S/N 974] CO2 pump KNF Newberger Model No. 35.2STR [S/N 120619] CO2 pump Pac. 5a 24Vdc Model BA3628-7012-9-56RC [S/N 9321009613] C. Fast (NO chemiluminescence) Ozone (XO3FIS, XO3FIN, O3FIF, XO3FC) Temp controller Omega Model CN 320-P2C [S/N 860037AC] Pressure transducer MKS Model 122AA-0100AB [S/N 15700-2] NO monitor Interscan 2000-Model 2150 [S/N 46007] D. CCN Counter TSI Model 3760 [NSF - 21089] with Heise transducer [S/N 623] E. CO Analyzer (gas filter correlation) (CMODE, CO) TECO Model 48 [NSF 23889] F. Aethalometer (Black Carbon) Magee Scientific Model AE-9 [NSF 23162] G. Nephelometer, Radiance Research Model M902 User-Supplied Equipment A. DLR DIAL Lidar (See attached list) B. Intermittent Sampler System -- PPE4389 Parameters: XISSFL Rosemount pressure transducer [S/N 1217456] XISSAPR 142pc 30a pressure transducer [S/N 001] XISSBPPR 142pc 30a pressure transducer [S/N 023] XISPLPR 142pc 30a pressure transducer [S/N 009] XISCO2P 142pc 30a pressure transducer [NSF 18857] System includes a. EDDY Accumulators b. Pump Tray c. Valve Tray d. Sampler Line e. Electronics Box f. Laptop Computer (TI 4000 win SX) [S/N 127A231072] CSI Hydrocarbon Analyzer, Model HC500-2C (NSF 23050) [S/N 14285] Teco Model 49 Ozone Analyzer [NSF 24795] Licor CO2 Analyzer, Model 6251 (NSF 24078) [S/N IRGN-225] Lyman Alpha Hygrometer [S/N 05] Cylinders: CO2 SPAN [S/N JJ223844], CO2 Zero [S/N CAL-10709], H2 [S/N JJ235903] Greenberg Can Sampler 4.2 Calibration 4.2.1 Specifications None given. 4.2.1.1 Tolerance None given. 4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration None given. 4.2.3 Other Calibration Information None given. 5. Data Acquisition Methods Note that BOREAS Information System (BORIS) staff compiled the following information in Section 5 from available BOREAS documents and believe it to be correct. However, no confirmation was received from Dr. Lenschow. The straight-line, constant altitude passes used for the flux calculations were all parts of several different flight patterns uses throughout BOREAS-94. What follows here is a brief description of those patterns, including the short, two- letter identifier used for communications, labeling data files, etc. ID Description (second letter denotes NSA or SSA ----- ---------------------------------------------------- CS Candle Lake runs, SSA only, usually along path a-d. FS,FN Flights of two (inter-comparison runs), various locations. GS,GN Grid patterns. Sequence of 9 evenly spaced, parallel flight lines, covering a 32- x 32-km square area (King Air), with lines oriented either east-west or north-south. HS,HN Stack patterns. LS,LN Transects of intermediate length (e.g., 100 km). PS,PN Budget box pattern (see Betts et al., 1990). RT Regional transect. For King Air, route used in transit between NSA and SSA. Coincide with Electra RTs. TS,TN Site-specific run at a TF (tower flux) site. Navigation way-points used for flying the patterns are listed below. Positive latitudes indicate North and negative longitudes indicate West. Pt. Latitude Longitude A 53° 32.0' -106° 34.0' C 53° 37.8' -106° 11.4' (same as PANP-OA) G 53° 55.6' -104° 59.7' H 54° 07.0' -104° 13.5' K 54° 41.7' -103° 47.5' L 54° 57.3' -101° 58.0' M 55° 54.8' -99° 07.5' O 55° 53.2' -98° 00.0' P 60° 30.0' -98° 00.0' Q 60° 30.0' -95° 30.0' R 59° 00.0' -95° 30.0' CH 58° 44.5' -94° 04.0' (Churchill airport) a 53° 34.7' -106° 23.8' b 53° 42.8' -105° 52.0' c 53° 55.0' -105° 04.0' d 53° 59.0' -104° 47.2' f 53° 59.8' -104° 43.5' g 53° 32.0' -104° 27.6' h 53° 56.8' -105° 20.5' i 54° 03.7' -104° 45.5' j 53° 43.8' -104° 34.0' k 53° 35.8' -106° 18.0' m 54° 05.2' -104° 50.5' n 53° 32.2' -104° 19.5' s 53° 17.0' -105° 43.0' t 53° 38.0' -105° 43.0' u 53° 17.0' -105° 32.0' v 53° 43.0' -105° 17.0' Centers of north and south KA grids: North 55° 52.5' -98° 31.5' South 53° 51.5' -104° 48.6' Other locations: NOAA radar 55° 56.0' -98° 36.8' 6. Observations 6.1 Data Notes The following blocks of instrument notes are formatted as: Date Time, Universal Time Code (UTC) Departure-Destination (CYXE is Saskatoon Airport, CYTH is Thompson Airport, CYYQ is Churchill Airport) INS error Other Notes and Comments 25 May 1994 15:54:12-21:55:54 CYXE-CYXE S 1.0':W 3.5' A transect flight over the southern and northern BOREAS study area. The flight tracks were through Prince Albert National Park, to the Thompson, Manitoba area. These legs were flown at 300' AGL. Two lidar runs over Candle Lake and on our return just north of Saskatoon. Both of these 12000 above ground level (AGL). - TTB & VLA sampled at 5 sps & 1 Hz 26 May 1994 15:57:40-22:06:30 CYXE-CYXE S 0.2':W 1.8' Boundary layer mission with several legs above the base of 300' over Candle Lake. Eight lidar legs flown 9000 above mean sea level (MSL) altitude. - CO2 Licor unit span is off 245 pre, 277 post. - VLA & TTB sampled at 5 sps & 1 Hz filter. - RSTB has drop-outs around 8 C. 31 May 1994 16:00:05-21:50:23 CYXE-CYXE S 1.8':W 3.1' This was a repeat of RF2. The mission was flown around Candle Lake, which included 8 lidar runs. PALT of various leg where conducted between 400 m to 3,600 m altitudes. - XCO2S sensitivity was changed Gain 4, with offset. - Lyman-Alpha failed to function. - UVT drop outs (2x) - RSTB drop outs 1 June 1994 15:53:01-22:39:39 CYXE-CYXE S 1.6':W 2.4' This was a transect flight from Thompson, the northern study area. Lowest altitude was 100 m AGL on 4 of the legs. Four lidar legs were sampled at 1 Km and 3 Km altitudes. - MRLA lower sensitivity 1.0g/kg. - UVT intermittent. 6 June 1994 15:05:05-22:04:35 CYXE-CYYQ S 2.1':E 0.3' This was a transect from Saskatoon to Churchill, Manitoba. The flight track started at 10,000, descend to point A, proceeded to fly at 300' to point L. Soundings at L to 10K', descended to 300', proceed to point P (passed Thompson). At point P, ascended to 10,000' to point Q, repeat at 6K, descend to 300' to point R. At point R, climbed to 10,000, did a set of maneuvers and descended to Churchill. - XCO2T was disconnected. - CONC ran out of butanol. 7 June 1994 14:31:07-20:51:25 CYYQ-CYXE S 1.1':W 3.5' This was the return research flight from Churchill. Similar in flight track; however, one of the northern legs over the tundra was eliminated. Further south, we made repeated passes through a forest fire plume. - XCO2T inoperative - CN Counter inoperative 10 June 1994 15:55:19-22:29:25 CYXE-CYXE S 0.0':W 1.6' Transect flight up to Thompson and back. Went out at 10500', sounding down, and 300' flux leg. No smoke plume study; smoke too diffuse. On way back, flew C.S. legs and then 300' flux leg. Sounding up to 10,000', and then back to Saskatoon at 8,000'. - King Probe still not working properly - Lyman-alpha, CO2, and IS all appeared to work well. - Fantastic lidar image of smoke plume. 13 June 1994 14:53:59-19:42:33 CYXE-CYXE S 1.3':W 1.8' Flight up to point A @ 300'; point A to point L for sounding to 6,500'; down, continued to point O and went up to 9,000' (sounding); @ 9,000', from 0 to 5 minutes past M; sounding down and continued to point L; continued @300' to Candle Lake; ascended to 9,000' and ferried back to Saskatoon. - Licor CO2 still drifting 20 July 1994 15:50:11-21:20:45 CYXE-CYXE N 0.1':W 1.2' Intercomparison research flight with Wyoming King Air. Flight plan in Flight File. Flight legs flown @ various altitudes. Formation flying with Wyoming King Air during 300 ft. transects. - RSTB appears to be noisy first three hours. 21 July 1994 16:29:51-22:49:17 CYXE-CYXE S 0.4':W 3.2' Transect flight to Thompson, Manitoba and return. 24 July 1994 14:56:02-21:18:32 CYXE-CYYQ S 0.9':E 2.2' Transect flight from Saskatoon to Churchill, Manitoba. *Final 30 min. of research abandoned due to pitch-locking of No. 3 propeller. 30 July 1994 15:20:53-22:37:51 CYXE-CYXE N 0.8':E 3.5' Transect flight to point Q (see diagram in flight file) and return. - Lyman-alpha is not functional. - RSTB performance questionable at times. 1 August 1994 15:57:51-21:25:25 CYXE-CYXE S 2.6':W 1.8' Repeated flight legs (@ various altitudes) over Candle Lake. See flight plan in flight file. 2 August 1994 15:49:16-21:47:26 CYXE-CYXE S 2.0':W 3.5' Repeated transects over Candle Lake. Flight plan similar to that flown during RF13 (01-Aug-1994). 3 August 1994 15:49:11-22:25:45 CYXE-CYXE S 0.7':E 0.8' Transect flight to Thompson, Manitoba, and return. - DPB failed during flight 4 August 1994 15:48:27-22:26:01 CYXE-CYXE S 1.0':E 0.9' Transect to Thompson and return. 30 August 1994 16:57:22-20:35:20 CYXE-CYXE N 1.3':W 0.3' This flight was conducted in the southern research area. Vertical wind biases on the display ( 0.3 to 0.4 m/s) affected the intermittent sampler eddy accumulations. - Lyman-alpha failed before the flight and was replaced. 31 August 1994 15:54:32-22:00:14 CYXE-CYXE N 1.2':E 1.7' RF18 was flown in the Candle Lake area (14 legs) sawtooth pattern flown twice above 0.9Z - Forward video is noisy 2 September 1994 15:21:48-21:23:06 CYXE-CYYQ S 0.7':W 1.9' RF19 research flight up to Churchill, Manitoba, mostly at 300' altitude. Three lidar runs were incorporated during the transit. 3 September 1994 14:54:27-21:10:25 CYYQ-CYXE S 0.8':W 1.4' Return flight from Churchill, mirror image of RF19. There were clouds present north of Saskatoon. 6 September 1994 15:56:40-22:38:14 CYXE-CYXE N 0.7':E 1.2' Regional transect to Thompson at 300 ft. Return to Candle Lake for stack runs over the lake. 7 September 1994 16:57:20-22:26:50 CYXE-CYXE S 2.9':W 4.1' Candle Lake transects with sawtooths and lidar legs added. - Data recording ended 20 minutes early due to inverter failure on data system. 9 September 1994 15:54:11-21:53:21 CYXE-CYXE S 0.2':E 0.4' Regional transect to Thompson at 300 ft. Linked with King Air on return for intercomparison and stacked runs over Candle Lake. 13 September 1994 15:19:41-21:21:03 CYXE-CYXE S 0.9':W 0.6' Regional transect to Thompson at 300 ft. Lidar run and sawtooth in northeast sector. Return to Candle Lake at 300 ft. With one set of vertical stacks over Candle Lake. 16 September 1994 15:55:45-22:35:43 CYXE-CYXE S 0.5':E 0.1' Transect to Thompson at 300 ft. En route soundings linked with King Air on return for intercomparison and stacked runs over Candle Lake. Sawtooth near the end along with maneuvers. 6.2 Field Notes See Section 6.1. 7. Data Description 7.1 Spatial Characteristics 7.1.1 Spatial Coverage The majority of the data were collected over the BOREAS SSA and NSA. The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) corner coordinates of the SSA are: Latitude Longitude -------- --------- Northwest 54.321° N 106.228° W Northeast 54.225° N 104.237° W Southwest 53.515° N 106.321° W Southeast 53.420° N 104.368° W The NAD83 corner coordinates of the NSA are: Latitude Longitude -------- --------- Northwest 56.249° N 98.825° W Northeast 56.083° N 97.234° W Southwest 55.542° N 99.045° W Southeast 55.379° N 97.489° W 7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map Data were collected over the NSA and SSA of BOREAS, and along a transect between them. 7.1.3 Spatial Resolution The fluxes and statistics archived here are for passes or segments of passes between pre-defined waypoints, as part of various flight patterns (see Section 5). The times and distances for the regular flux data varied depending on the aircraft speed and the distance between the waypoints. The shortest distance between waypoints is about 10 km. Included in these regular data are those from the grid patterns and the Candle Lake runs. The passes for the grid patterns (GS, GN) are 32 km in length. The Candle Lake (CS) runs were divided into two segments, one over the relatively homogeneous Old Aspen area surrounding the OA flux tower (east end of CL run), and the other over the area at the west end of the run dominated by black spruce. The moving window data represent 40- kilometer averages for overlapping portions of the flight passes. Each segment progresses 10 km along the flight path and overlaps the previous segment by 30 km. 7.1.4 Projection Not applicable. 7.1.5 Grid Description Not applicable. 7.2 Temporal Characteristics 7.2.1 Temporal Coverage None given. 7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map None. 7.2.3 Temporal Resolution Each archived data entry contains the start and end times for the pass/segment being summarized. 7.3 Data Characteristics Data characteristics are defined in the companion data definition file (afm3mw94.def). 7.4 Sample Data Record Sample data format shown in the companion data definition file (afm3mw94.def). 8. Data Organization 8.1 Data Granularity All of the AFM-03 NCAR Electra 1994 Aircraft Flux and Moving Window Data are contained in one data set. 8.2 Data Format(s) The data files contain numerical and character fields of varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between the fields. Sample data records are shown in the companion data definition file (afm3mw94.def). 9. Data Manipulations 9.1 Formulae None given. 9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms None given. 9.2 Data Processing Sequence 9.2.1 Processing Steps The following steps were used to process these data: 1. AFM-03 processed data and sent it to BORIS. 2. BORIS staff received the data, made necessary conversions to standard units, and loaded the data into database. 3. BORIS staff documented the data set and compiled basic statistics about data. 9.2.2 Processing Changes None given. 9.3 Calculations 9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments None given. 9.3.2 Calculated Variables See lists of variables in Sections 7.1 and 7.3. 9.4 Graphs and Plots None. 10. Errors 10.1 Sources of Error None given. 10.2 Quality Assessment 10.2.1 Data Validation by Source None given. 10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment BORIS staff checked the data to make sure that they were loaded properly. 10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters None given. 10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments None given. 10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center Data were examined for general consistency and clarity. 11. Notes 11.1 Limitations of the Data None given. 11.2 Known Problems with the Data None given. 11.3 Usage Guidance Note that although there are less than 100 records in any data file, there are over 170 columns of data. Most spreadsheet software should be able to handle up to 256 columns of data. 11.4 Other Relevant Information None given. 12. Application of the Data Set These data can be used to obtain study area and regional scale estimates of the various fluxes. 13. Future Modifications and Plans None given. 14. Software 14.1 Software Description None given. 14.2 Software Access None given. 15. Data Access 15.1 Contact for Data Center/Data Access Information These BOREAS data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOS-DIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The BOREAS contact at ORNL is: ORNL DAAC User Services Oak Ridge National Laboratory (865) 241-3952 ornldaac@ornl.gov ornl@eos.nasa.gov 15.2 Procedures for Obtaining Data BOREAS data may be obtained through the ORNL DAAC World Wide Web site at http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/ or users may place requests for data by telephone, electronic mail, or fax. 15.3 Output Products and Availability Requested data can be provided electronically on the ORNL DAAC's anonymous FTP site or on various media including, CD-ROMs, 8-MM tapes, or diskettes. The complete set of BOREAS data CD-ROMs, entitled "Collected Data of the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study", edited by Newcomer, J., et al., NASA, 1999, are also available. 16. Output Products and Availability 16.1 Tape Products Not applicable. 16.2 Film Products Not applicable. 16.3 Other Products These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series. 17. References 17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation Airborne Humidity Measurements. 1987. NCAR Research Aviation Facility Bull. No. 22, Boulder, CO. Bannehr, L. and V. Glover. 1992. A spectral vegetation radiometer for airborne boundary-layer research. NCAR Technical Note, NCAR/TN-370+STR, 39 pp. Baumgardner, D. 1989. Airborne measurements for cloud microphysics. NCAR Research Aviation Facility Bull. No. 24, Boulder, CO. Betts, A.K., R.L. Desjardins, J.I. MacPherson, and R.D. Kelly. 1990. Boundary- Layer heat and moisture budgets from FIFE. Boundary-Layer Meteorology 50(1- 4):109-137. Flight Planning: The NCAR Electra. 1993. NCAR Research Aviation Facility Bull. No. 7, Boulder, CO. Glover, V. and L. Bannehr. 1993. Radiation measurements from NCAR aircraft. NCAR Research Aviation Facility Bull. No. 25, Boulder, CO. Lenschow, D.H. (ed.). 1986. Probing the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Amer. Meteor. Soc., Boston. Lenschow, D.H. and P. Spyers-Duran. 1989. Measurement Techniques: Air motion sensing. NCAR Research Aviation Facility Bull. No. 23, Boulder, CO. Stull, R.B. 1988. An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology. Kluwer Acad. Pub., Boston. 17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports Davis, K.J., D.H. Lenschow, S.P. Oncley, C. Kiemle, G. Ehret, A. Giez, and J. Mann. 1997. The role of entrainment in surface-atmosphere interactions over the boreal forest. Journal of Geophysical Research 102(D24):29,219-29,230. Dobosy, R., T. Crawford, I. MacPherson, R. Desjardins, R.D. Kelly, S.P. Oncley, and D.H. Lenschow. 1997. Intercomparison among fourflux aircraft at BOREAS in 1994. Journal of Geophysical Research 102(D24):29,101-29,111. Kiemle, C., G. Ehret, A. Giez, K.J. Davis, D.H. Lenschow, and S.P. Oncley. 1996. Estimating of boundary-layer humidity fluxes and statistics from airborne DIAL. Institut fur Physik der Atmosphare, Report No. 64, DLR-Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, 36 pp. Kiemle, C., G. Ehret, A. Giez, K.J. Davis, D.H. Lenschow, and S.P. Oncley. 1997. Estimation of boundary-layer humidity fluxes and statistics from airborne DIAL. Journal of Geophysical Research 102(D24):29,189-29,203. Lenschow, D.H., Q. Wang, S.P. Oncley, K.J. Davis, and J. Mann. 1996. Lake-induced modification of the boundary layer over the boreal forest. 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 28- Feb. 2, American Meteorological Society. Mann, J., K.J. Davis, D.H. Lenschow, S.P. Oncley, C. Kiemle, G. Ehret, A. Giez, and H.G. Schreiber, 1995. Airborne observations of the boundary layer top, and associated gravity waves and boundary layer structure. Ninth Symp. on Met. Obs. and Instrum., Amer. Met. Soc., Boston, MA. Oncley, S.P., D.H. Lenschow, K.J. Davis, T. Campos, and J. Mann. 1996. Regional-scale surface flux observations across the boreal forest during BOREAS. 22nd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Atlanta, GA, Jan. 28-Feb. 2, American Meteorological Society. Oncley, S.P., D.H. Lenschow, K.J. Davis, T. Campos, and J. Mann. 1997. Regional-scale surface flux observations across the boreal forest during BOREAS. Journal of Geophysical Research 102(D24):29,147-29,154. Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94). Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B. Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9):1549-1577. Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94). Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96). Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96). Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M. Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T. Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions, JGR, BOREAS Special Issue, 102(D24), Dec. 1997, pp. 28731-28770. 17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation None. 18. Glossary of Terms None given. 19. List of Acronyms AFM - Airborne Fluxes and Meteorology AGL - Above Ground Level ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange ATD - Atmospheric Technology Division of NCAR BL - atmospheric Boundary Layer BOREAS - BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study BORIS - BOREAS Information System CD-ROM - Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory DAAC - Distributed Active Archive Center EOS - Earth Observing System EOSDIS - EOS Data and Information System GPS - Global Positioning System GSFC - Goddard Space Flight Center HTML - HyperText Markup Language INS - Inertial Navigation System IRS - Inertial Reference System MMM - Mesoscale and Microscale Research Division, NCAR NAD83 - North American Datum of 1983 NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research NDVI - Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NRC - National Research Council, Canada NSA - Northern Study Area OA - Old Aspen ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory PANP - Prince Albert National Park PPFD - Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density RAF - Research Aviation Facility, NCAR SSA - Southern Study Area SSSF - Sounding and Surface System Facility, NCAR TF - Tower Flux URL - Uniform Resource Locator UTC - Universal Time Code 20. Document Information 20.1 Document Revision Date Written: 16-Jul-1996 Last Updated: 13-Aug-1999 20.2 Document Review Date(s) BORIS Review: 08-Feb-1999 Science Review: 20.3 Document ID 20.4 Citation 20.5 Document Curator 20.6 Document URL KEYWORDS --------- CARBON DIOXIDE FLUX OZONE METHANE NET RADIATION AFM03_AC_Flux.doc 08/21/99