BOREAS TE-05 Diurnal CO2 Canopy Profile Data Summary These data were collected by BOREAS TE-05 to provide detailed information within the canopy during times when TE-05 sampled canopy CO2 for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis. These measurements were made in both the NSA and SSA during each IFC at the OJP, OBS, UBS, and OA sites. CO2 profile data were not collected at SSA-OA during the first IFC. The data are available in tabular ASCII files. Table of Contents * 1. Data Set Overview * 2. Investigator(s) * 3. Theory of Measurements * 4. Equipment * 5. Data Acquisition Methods * 6. Observations * 7. Data Description * 8. Data Organization * 9. Data Manipulations * 10. Errors * 11. Notes * 12. Application of the Data Set * 13. Future Modifications and Plans * 14. Software * 15. Data Access * 16. Output Products and Availability * 17. References * 18. Glossary of Terms * 19. List of Acronyms * 20. Document Information 1. Data Set Overview 1.1 Data Set Identification BOREAS TE-05 Diurnal CO2 Canopy Profile Data 1.2 Data Set Introduction The canopy CO2 profile data were collected in both the Northern Study Area (NSA) and Southern Study Area (SSA) during the 1994 Intensive Field Campaigns (IFCs). 1.3 Objective/Purpose The data were collected to provide detailed information within the canopy during times when Terrestrial Ecology (TE-05) sampled canopy CO2 for carbon and oxygen isotope analysis. 1.4 Summary of Parameters Time, CO2 concentration at 9-m, 3-m, 1-m, 0.5-m, 0.25-m, and 0.05-m heights within the canopy at 10-min (NSA) or 30-min (SSA) intervals. 1.5 Discussion These measurements were made at both the NSA and SSA during each IFC at Old Jack Pine (OJP), Old Black Spruce (OBS), Upland Black Spruce (UBS), and Old Aspen (OA) sites. CO2 profile data were not collected at SSA-OA during the first IFC. 1.6 Related Data Sets BOREAS TE-05 Surface Meterological and Radiation Data 2. Investigator(s) 2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title J.R. Ehleringer, University of Utah Department of Biology L. Flanagan, Carleton University Department of Biological Sciences University of Lethbridge 2.2 Title of Investigation Vegetation-Atmosphere CO2 and H2O Exchange Processes: Stable Isotope Analyses 2.3 Contact Information Contact 1 ------------- For data from NSA: J. Renee Brooks Department of Biology University of South Florida Tampa, FL (813) 974-7352 (Office) (813) 974-3250 (Dept.) (813) 974-3263 (fax) jrbrooks@chuma.cas.usf.edu Contact 2 ---------------- For data from SSA: Dr. Larry Flanagan Department of Biological Sciences University of Lethbridge Lethbridge, Alberta CANADA (403) 380-1858 (403) 329-2082 (fax) larry.flanagan@uleth.ca Contact 3 ------------------------------ Shelaine Curd Raytheon STX Corporation NASA/GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-2447 (301) 286-0239 (fax) shelaine.curd@gsfc.nasa.gov 3. Theory of Measurements CO2 was measured with the Licor LI-6262 infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). For theoretical information on the LI-6262, please refer to LI-6262 CO2 /H2O Analyzer Operating and Service Manual, Publication # 9003-59, LI-COR, Inc., P.O. Box 4425, Superior St., Lincoln, NE 68504, (402) 467-3576. The CO2 profiles are a series of CO2 concentrations measured on a vertical profile of air within the canopy. Tubing at various heights within the canopy was attached to a solenoid switching board (to switch height being monitored), through a pump, and into the IRGA (LI-6262). The IRGA was attached to a Campbell datalogger so that CO2 concentrations were recorded through time. The monitoring system ran continuously over a period of several days. More specific details are given below. 4. Equipment 4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description CO2 concentration was measured with the Licor LI-6262 IRGA. A Campbell CR-21x datalogger was used to record the CO2 data. 4.1.1 Collection Environment The equipment operated under ambient environmental conditions during the measurement periods. Please see TE-05 Surface Meteorological and Radiation Data for specifics. 4.1.2 Source/Platform CO2 concentration were collected from a telescoping Rohn mast extending 9 m up into the canopy. Dekoron tubing was attached to the mast at six canopy heights. 4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives This mission objective was to monitor diurnal changes in CO2 concentration at six heights within the forest canopy. 4.1.4 Key Variables Time, CO2 concentration at 9 m, 3 m, 1 m, 0.5 m, 0.25 m, and 0.05 m. 4.1.5 Principles of Operation An automated sampling system was set up at the site to monitor CO2 when TE-05 was sampling canopy air for isotope analysis. Prior to setup in the field, the IRGA was calibrated in the lab, using the BOREAS standards. Every 10 min (NSA) or 30 min (SSA), CO2 at each canopy height was monitored by the IRGA for 1.5 min before a 15-s average reading was stored in the datalogger. Air was pumped through 1/4-in. Dekoron tubing into the LI-6262 IRGA at the rate of 15 ml/s. Every 3 hours, standard gases (0 ppm and 352 ppm) were measured to check IRGA calibration. The IRGA temperature was also recorded so that temperature corrections for the zero could be made. All data were temperature corrected. 4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry CO2 were collected from a rohn mast extending 9 m up into the canopy. Dekoron tubing was attached to the mast at six canopy heights of 0.05, 0.25,. 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, amd 9.0 meters above the ground. 4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument LI-6262 IRGA: LI-COR Inc., P.O.Box 4425, 4421 Superior St., Lincoln, NE 68504, 1(800)447-3576 CR-21x datalogger Campbell Scientific, Inc., P.O. Box 551 Logan, UT 84321, (801) 753-23425. 4.2 Calibration The LI-6262 IRGA was calibrated in the lab, using the BOREAS standards prior to setup at each field site, for each IFC. Once in the field, standard gases (0 ppm and 352 ppm) were measured to check IRGA calibration every 3 hours. IRGA temperature was also recorded so that temperature corrections for the zero could be made. 4.2.1 Specifications None given. 4.2.1.1 Tolerance None given. 4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration Prior to setup in the field, the IRGA was calibrated in the lab, using the BOREAS standards. Every 10 min (NSA) or 30 min (SSA), CO2 at each canopy height was monitored by the IRGA for 1.5 min before a 15 s average reading was stored in the datalogger. Air was pumped through 1/4-in. Dekoron tubing into the LI- 6262 IRGA at the rate of 15 ml/s. Every 3 hours, standard gases (0 ppm and 352 ppm) were measured to check IRGA calibration. IRGA temperature was also recorded so that temperature corrections for the zero could be made. All data were temperature corrected. 4.2.3 Other Calibration Information None given. 5. Data Acquisition Methods An automated sampling system was set up at the site to monitor CO2 when TE-05 was sampling canopy air for isotope analysis. Prior to setup in the field, the IRGA was calibrated in the lab, using the BOREAS standards. Every 10 min (NSA) or 30 min (SSA), CO2 at each canopy height was monitored by the IRGA for 1.5 min before a 15 s average reading was stored in the datalogger. Air was pumped through 1/4-in. Dekoron tubing into the LI-6262 IRGA at the rate of 15 ml/s. 6. Observations None given. 6.1 Data Notes None given. 6.2 Field Notes None given. 7. Data Description 7.1 Spatial Characteristics NSA-OJP flux tower site, Lat/Long: 55.927 N, 98.62 W. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 14, N:6, 197,997 E:523,501 NSA-OA canopy access tower site (auxiliary site number T2Q6A, BOREAS Experiment Plan, Version 3). Lat/Long = 55.88N, -98.67 W NSA-UBS canopy access tower site (auxiliary site number T6R5S, BOREAS Experiment Plan, Version 3). Lat/Long = 55.70N, -98.51W SSA-OJP = Lat/Long: 53.91N, -104.69W SSA-OBS = Lat/Long: 53.98N, -105.12W SSA-OA = Lat/Long: 53.62N, -106.19W 7.1.1 Spatial Coverage NSA-OJP flux tower site, Lat/Long: 55.927 N, -98.62 W. Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 14, N:6, 197,997 E:523,501 NSA-OA canopy access tower site (auxiliary site number T2Q6A, BOREAS Experiment Plan, Version 3). Lat/Long = 55.88N, -98.67 W NSA-UBS canopy access tower site (auxiliary site number T6R5S, BOREAS Experiment Plan, Version 3). Lat/Long = 55.70N, -98.51W SSA-OJP = Lat/Long: 53.91N, -104.69W SSA-OBS = Lat/Long: 53.98N, -105.12W SSA-OA = Lat/Long: 53.62N, -106.19W 7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map Not available. 7.1.3 Spatial Resolution These data are point source measurements 7.1.4 Projection Not applicable. 7.1.5 Grid Description Not applicable. 7.2 Temporal Characteristics 7.2.1 Temporal Coverage CO2 were measured at the sites from 02-Jun-1994 to 05-Sep-1994. 7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map CO2 were measured at the following sites during the following time periods. IFC-1 NSA: OJP: 02-Jun-94, 7.32 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) through 03-Jun-94, 16.32 (GMT) OA: 10-Jun-94,16.15 (GMT) through 11-Jun-94, 19.98 (GMT) UBS: 03-Jun-94, 2.15 (GMT) through 04-Jun-94, 2.15 (GMT) SSA: OA: 29-May-94,1900 (GMT) through 30-May-94, 2150 (GMT) OBS: 25-May-94, 1.50 (GMT) through 27-May-94, 20.00 (GMT) OJP: 25-May-94, 2050 (GMT) through 27-May-94, 2.00 (GMT) IFC-2: NSA: OJ: 20-Jul-94, 21.48 (GMT) through 24-Jul-94, 22.32 (GMT) OAN: 31-Jul-94, 17.82 (GMT) through 05-Aug-94, 20.98 (GMT) UBS: 25-Jul-94, 20.15 (GMT) through 29-Jul-94, 22.48 (GMT) SSA: OAS: 25-Jul-94, 1900 (GMT) through 27-JUL-94, 17.50 (GMT) OBSS: 20-Jul-94 20.50 (GMT) through 22-Jul-94, 15.50 (GMT) OJPS: 22-Jul-94, 2.50 (GMT) through 24-Jul-94, 18.00 (GMT) IFC-3: NSA: OJP: 30-Aug-94, 18.65 (GMT) through 01-Sep-94, 21.15 (GMT) OA: 05-Sep-94, 19.32 (GMT) through 07-Sep-94, 18.65 (GMT) UBS: 02-Sep-94, 18.48 (GMT) through 04-Sep-94, 16.15 (GMT) SSA: OAS: 03-Aug-94, 17.50 (GMT) through 05-Aug-94, 18.00 (GMT) OBSS: 31-Aug-94, 18.50 (GMT) through 02-Aug-94, 17.50 (GMT) OJPS: 06-Aug-94, 18.00 (GMT) through 08-Aug-94, 18.50 (GMT) 7.2.3 Temporal Resolution A scan of each height was made every 10 minutes in the NSA and every 30 minutes in the SSA. 7.3 Data Characteristics Data characteristics are defined in the companion data definition file (te5co2pd.def). 7.4 Sample Data Record Sample data format shown in the companion data definition file (te5co2pd.def). 8. Data Organization 8.1 Data Granularity All of the Diurnal CO2 Canopy Profile Data are contained in one file. 8.2 Data Format(s) The data files contain numerical and character fields of varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with a single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between the fields. Sample data records are shown in the companion data definition files (te5co2pd.def). 9. Data Manipulations IRGA zero value changes as a function of temperature. To correct the data for this drift, standard gases (0 ppm and 350 ppm) and IRGA temperature were measured every 3 hours. A linear relationship was derived between temperature and the zero value. Using IRGA temperature, all data were corrected based on the linear relationship. The number was added to the observed data, and the correction was usually quite small, under 5 ppm. 9.1 Formulae Not applicable. 9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms None. 9.2 Data Processing Sequence 9.2.1 Processing Steps None given. 9.2.2 Processing Changes None given. 9.3 Calculations 9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments IRGA zero value changes as a function of temperature. To correct the data for this drift, standard gases (0 ppm and 350 ppm) and IRGA temperature were measured every 3 hours. A linear relationship was derived between temperature and the zero value. Using IRGA temperature, all data were corrected based on the linear relationship. 9.3.2 Calculated Variables Not applicable. 9.4 Graphs and Plots Not applicable. 10. Errors All known errors have been removed from the data. 10.1 Sources of Error None given. 10.2 Quality Assessment 10.2.1 Data Validation by Source CO2 was independently measured at 9 m and 0.5 m when TE-5 sampled CO2 for isotope analysis. The concentration values from the isotope measurements were compared with these automated data sets. In all cases, the values are comparable. 10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment None given. 10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters None given. 10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments None given. 10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center Data was examined for general consistency and clarity. 11. Notes 11.1 Limitations of the Data None given. 11.2 Known Problems with the Data All known problems have been removed. 11.3 Usage Guidance None given. 11.4 Other Relevant Information None given. 12. Application of the Data Set These data can be used for profile isotope analysis. 13. Future Modifications and Plans None given. 14. Software 14.1 Software Description None given. 14.2 Software Access None given. 15. Data Access 15.1 Contact Information Ms. Beth McCowan BOREAS Data Manager NASA GSFC Greenbelt, MD (301) 286-4005 (301) 286-0239 (fax) beth@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov 15.2 Data Center Identification See Section 15.1. 15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data Users may place requests by telephone, electronic mail, or fax. 15.4 Data Center Status/Plans These data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS), Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC). The BOREAS contact at ORNL is: ORNL DAAC User Services Oak Ridge National Laboratory (865) 241-3952 ornldaac@ornl.gov ornl@eos.nasa.gov 16. Output Products and Availability 16.1 Tape Products None. 16.2 Film Products None. 16.3 Other Products Tabular ASII files. 17. References 17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation None given. 17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports Brooks, J.R., L.B. Flanagan, G.T. Varney, and J.R. Ehleringer. 1995. Photosynthesis Profiles in Boreal Forest Canopies: Recycling of Soil-Respired CO2, Ecological Society of America Annual Meetings, Snowbird, Utah, 1995. Brooks, J.R., L.B. Flanagan, G.T. Varney, Jand .R. Ehleringer. 1997. Vertical gradients in photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics and refixation of respired CO2within boreal forest canopies. Tree Physiol. 17: 1-12. Brooks, J.R., L.B. Flanagan, N. Buchmann, and J.R. Ehleringer. 1997. Carbon isotope composition of boreal plants: functional grouping of life forms. Oecologia. Sellers, P., and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94). Sellers, P., and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version 1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96). Sellers, P., and F. Hall. 1997. BOREAS Overview Paper. JGR Special Issue (in press). Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94). Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996 Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96). Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B. Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9):1549-1577. 17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation None. 18. Glossary of Terms None. 19. List of Acronyms BOREAS - BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study BORIS - BOREAS Information System DAAC - Distributed Active Archive Center EOS - Earth Observing System EOSDIS - EOS Data and Information System GMT - Greenwich Mean Time GSFC - Goddard Space Flight Center IFC - Intensive Field Campaign IRGA - Infrared Gas Analyzer NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration NSA - Northern Study Area OA - Old Aspen OBSS - Old Black Spruce OJP - Old Jack Pine OJP - Southern Old Jack Pine ORNL - Oak Ridge National Laboratory PANP - Prince Albert National Park SSA - Southern Study Area TE - Terrestrial Ecology UBS - Upland Black Spruce URL - Uniform Resource Locator UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator 20. Document Information 20.1 Document Revision Date Written : 03-May-1995 Last Updated: 08-May-98 20.2 Document Review Date(s) BORIS Review:07-Sep-1997 Science Review:19-Jan-1998 20.3 Document ID 20.4 Citation Please contact the authors for proper citation. 20.5 Document Curator 20.6 Document URL CO2 CONCENTRATION TE05_CO2_Profile.doc Page 12 of 12 05/26/98